While cars have abandoned traditional analog gauges, semi trucks still have a massive amount of gauges. Here's why, as well ...

Optical lithography is employed in manufacturing integrated circuits. It starts with attaching a photosensitive material—or photoresist—to the substrate. A photomask with the required pattern is ...

Abstract: The reflected radiation generated by the interreflection between the inner surfaces of cavity-like objects is not easy to measure directly and leads to temperature measurement errors. In ...

Abstract: In this article, two improved fractional-order particle swarm optimization (IFOPSO) algorithms for the true temperature inversion of high-temperature targets with unknown emissivity are ...